Aart Schouman (also spelled Aert Schouman) (Dordrecht, March 4, 1710 – The Hague, July 5, 1792) was a versatile Dutch painter and wallpaper painter, etcher, watercolorist, and engraver. Although his work enjoyed relatively little recognition for a long time, he was a leading artist in Zeeland and the south of Holland in the eighteenth century, with a career that spanned Dordrecht, The Hague, and Middelburg.

At fifteen, Schouman apprenticed with painter Adriaan van der Burg. In 1736, he founded the Dordrecht Brotherhood of Saint Luke, an association for art lovers and amateurs in the region. He also played a prominent role in The Hague: he chaired the painters' brotherhood Pictura for four years and was also an honorary member of a Hague poetry society.

His oeuvre consists of portraits and large, painted wallpapers. Initially, he worked primarily with mythological and biblical themes, but later his focus shifted to more decorative and natural history subjects: compositions with birds, rare animals, and plant studies. He drew animals from the menagerie of stadtholder William V at Het Kleine Loo and was especially appreciated for his watercolors of cityscapes and park-like landscapes with exotic birds—remarkably unique at the time and still recognizable as his signature. Besides painting, he engaged in etching and glass engraving, and he also collected art himself. His life is exceptionally well documented, thanks to his diaries.

In recent years, his work has been visibly revalued. The Dordrechts Museum organized several exhibitions dedicated to Schouman, and in 2020, two wallpapers he painted in Paris were purchased for Huis ten Bosch Palace, where they were displayed in the black dining room. His works were again shown at the Dordrechts Museum in 2025–2026, further strengthening his reputation as a refined depiction of nature and decoration.